To sync your iPhone with iTunes you first want to make sure you have the latest version of iTunes installed on your computer. If you will be syncing via Wi-Fi you need at least iTunes version 10.5. This will allow information to sync between your iPhone and iTunes to keep backups, delete content or add new content.
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When you have the new version of iTunes installed and running, connect your iPhone to your computer.
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iTunes will recognize your iPhone and a Set Up screen will appear.
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Name your iPhone for later use and choose whether you want automatic syncing of your contacts, calendars, e-mail accounts, and bookmarks. If you don’t want automatic syncing, make sure boxes are not checked and then click Done.
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After clicking Done, the Summary box should appear, or you can choose it by opening your iPhone up in iTunes by clicking on whatever you named it in the left hand navigation of iTunes under Devices.
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If you have chosen automatic syncing, then you should see that your iPhone and iTunes information is synced. If you chose manual syncing then you can choose what you want to have synced.
Resource: Dummies